浅析现代钢结构建筑设计与表现

Abstract: in modern architectural design with steel structure and more and more, especially in public buildings and landmarks. This article according to the characteristics of the steel structure design and based on the existing conditions, from the aspect of technology and discusses the architectural design and performance.

关键词：钢结构 建筑表现

Key words: steel structure building

　　建筑自人类产生以来都是人们生活的重要组成部分，但在很长时间里运用的都是石材，木材等。随着科技的发展新型材料的运用越来越广泛，其中钢材是其中普遍采用的一种。而以钢结构为主体的建筑是现代空间结构发展的主流，钢结构建筑与钢筋混凝土，砌体，木结构建筑相比有一定的差别，钢结构建筑通常由型钢、钢管、钢板等制成的钢梁、钢柱、钢桁架等构件组成，有的还用钢铰线、钢丝绳（束）组成，其连接方式采用焊缝、螺栓或铆钉连接，探讨现代钢结构建筑设计与表现具有重要的意义和价值。

Buildings since humans are an important part of people's life, but for a long time use is stone, wood, etc. With the development of science and technology the use of new materials is more and more widely, which is one of widely used steel. With steel structure as the main body construction is the mainstream of the development of modern space structure steel structure and reinforced concrete, masonry, timber structure buildings has certain difference, compared steel structure building is usually made of steel, steel pipe, steel plate girder, steel columns, steel truss, such as artifacts, some steel hinge line, steel wire rope (beam), the connection methods of connected by welding, bolt, or rivet, probe into modern steel structure design and the performance has important significance and value.

一、钢结构建筑的发展历史

First, the development history of steel structure building

　　最早在建造房屋中使用钢结构的国家可以追溯到十八世纪末的英国，一百年后法国工程师埃菲尔建造了著名的铁塔，人们也开始尝试建造钢结构的独户住宅，从此钢结构建筑彻底改变了以往建筑造型的模式，建筑设计的理念与方法亦随之嬗变。早期的钢结构仅是部分构件、配件用铸铁、熟铁制成，到了19世纪80年代结构型钢的出现加快了钢结构在建筑工程中的发展，使钢结构建筑在20世纪60年代实现了其第二次理论和实践的飞跃与创新的发展，德国包豪斯学派就是其理论的发源地。

The earliest used in building steel structure of countries can be traced back to the UK at the end of the 18th century, one hundred years after the French engineers built the famous Eiffel Tower Eiffel, people also began to try to build the single-family house steel structure, steel structure building completely changed in the past from now on architectural modeling, building design concept and method also change accordingly. Steel structure is only part of the early component, accessories made from cast iron, wrought iron, in the 1880 s the emergence of the steel structure to speed up the development of steel structure in construction engineering, the steel structure building in the 1960 s realized the second leap and innovation of the theory and practice of development, the German Bauhaus school of thought is the birthplace of the theory.

　　我国自1949年全国解放后，钢结构就在大跨重型工业厂房、大型公共建筑和高耸结构中得到了应用。尤其是近20年来，钢结构更加广泛应用于土木工程的公共建筑中，比如沈阳桃仙国际机场屋盖，北京天文馆新馆工程等，我国目前不仅能生产各种类型的建筑钢材，同时钢材生产的新技术、新工艺、新产品日益也增多，如彩钢压型板、彩钢复合板、彩钢扣板、拱形厂房及彩钢制品等的生产，使建筑结构充满现代化时代气息，实际证明钢结构建筑在我国更具有广阔的发展前景。

Since 1949, the national liberation in our country, in large span steel structure industrial workshops, large public buildings and its application in the high-rise structure. Especially over the past 20 years, steel structure is more widely used in civil engineering in public buildings, such as roof shenyang taoxian international airport, Beijing planetarium in new project and so on, our country at present not only the production of various types of construction steel, steel production at the same time the new technologies, new processes, new products also increasingly grow in quantity, such as color steel pressure plate, caigang composite panels, caigang gusset plate, arching workshop and caigang products such as production, make the building structure is full of modern times breath, proves the steel structure construction in our country has broad prospects for development.

二、现代钢结构的建筑特点

Second, the construction of modern steel structure characteristics

　　（一）预工程化程度高，建设成本降低，工期缩短

(a) pre-engineering degree is high, cost reduction, shortening the construction period

　　钢结构建筑模数协调统一标准实现了建筑工业化大规模生产，提高了建筑预工程化，使不同材料、不同形状和不同制造方法的建筑构配件具有一定的通用性和互换性。同时钢结构建筑的预工程化使材料加工和安装一体化，大大降低了建设成本；并且加快了施工速度，使工期能够缩短40％以上，从而加快了房地产开发商的资金周转速度，使建筑能更早投入使用。

Steel structure modular coordination unified standard implements the architectural industrialized mass production, improving the pre engineered building, different materials, different shapes and different manufacturing methods of components has certain versatility and interchangeability. And steel structure building pre-engineering makes the integration of material processing and installation, greatly reduces the construction cost; And speed up the construction speed, shortening time limit for a project to more than 40%, thus speeding up the capital turnover velocity of real estate developers, the building can be put into use sooner.

　　（二）建筑与结构的设计与功能一体化,使建筑更富有功能化

(2) the building and structure design and function of integration, make the building more functional

　　在钢结构建筑中，结构成为形象构成的重要因素，结构的形体，构件，节点从很大程度上导致并制约着建筑的形象。建筑与结构的设计与功能只有做到一体化，才能使建筑更富有功能化以便随后的各个设计环节进行下去，创造出技术与艺术融为一体的钢结构建筑。北京2008年奥运会国家体育场投标方案中有许多方案都体现了钢结构建筑的这一特点。例如清华大学建筑设计院设计的可开合式方案，在体育场大屋面的中央设置两个半圆型的玻璃顶面，同时相对旋转、平行滑动完成大屋面的开合；又如中国建筑设计研究院场馆方案外观即为建筑的结构，形象完美纯净，功能与结构达到了完美的统一；还有日本朱式会设建筑事务所设计的折叠式方案，屋顶由悬臂的钢架结构支承，可在30分钟内完成开闭的动作，确保全年比赛的及活动不受天气影响。

In steel structure, the structure become image constitute the important factors, the form of structure, components, nodes to a large extent, leads to and restricts the construction of the image. Only accomplish integration of architecture and structure design and function, to make the building more functional in order to then proceed various design steps, create integrated steel structure construction technology and art. In the national stadium of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games bid many solutions are embodies the characteristics of steel structure building. For example can open jewels scheme of tsinghua university architecture design institute of design, in the middle of the big stadium roof set two and a half round glass top surface, and relative rotation, parallel sliding finish large roof of the opening and closing; And as China architectural design and research institute venues for appearance namely for construction structure, image of perfect purity, function and structure to achieve the perfect unification; Zhu and Japan will set architects design scheme of folding, roof supported by cantilever steel structure, it can be finished within 30 minutes of open and close action, to ensure that the competition is not affected by the weather and activities throughout the year.

　　（三）钢结构建筑能够满足超高度和超跨度的要求

(3) the steel structure can meet the requirements of super high and super span

　　钢材组织均匀，接近于各向同性匀质体，强度高，弹性模量亦高。其密度与强度的比值远小于砖石，混凝土，木材，在同样受力情况下钢结构自重小，从而可以做成跨度较大和高度较高的结构以及灵活的结构形体。现在人类已具有建造跨度超过1000米的超大穹顶与高度超过1000米最高至4000米的超高层建筑的能力。并且钢索与膜结构相结合形成索膜结构体系更能满足建筑对跨度的要求，使这类型建筑成为标志性建筑，比如日本东京后乐园棒球场屋盖是钢索与气承膜组成的索膜结构，面积达28000平方米，英国政府为迎接21世纪而兴建的标志性建筑伦敦千年穹顶――大型综合性展览建筑也是索膜结构体系，其穹顶直径达到320m。

Steel group uniform and close to the isotropic and plastid, high strength, high modulus of elasticity as well. The ratio of its density and strength is far less than brick, concrete, wood, steel structure small self-weight stress under the same condition, thus can make span and height higher structure and the structure of flexible body. Now humans have built span of more than 1000 meters to the super dome and height over 1000 meters up to 4000 meters of super-tall buildings of ability. And wire cable membrane structure system combined with membrane structure formed a more can meet the requirements of construction of span, make this type of building a landmark buildings, such as Tokyo Disneyland after baseball ChangWu cover is composed of membrane gas bearing with the wire cable membrane structure, an area of 28000 square meters, the British government for 21st century and build the landmark building of London one thousand dome - large comprehensive exhibition building and cable membrane structure, the dome diameter up to 320 m.

　　（四）原材料可以循环使用，有助于环保和可持续发展

(4) raw materials can be recycled, contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development

　　发展钢结构对于资源，能源都非常短缺的我国意义尤为重大，因为中国是世界上最大的砖砌体建筑与混凝土建筑大国。钢材是一种高强度高效能的材料，具有很高的再循环价值，边角料也有价值，不需要制模施工。目前国际上引人瞩目的新型住宅产品已引入我国，其环保节能的特点主要体现在两个方面：

Steel structure for the development of resources and energy are very shortage in our country is particularly significant, because China is the world's largest brick masonry and concrete buildings superpower. Steel is a kind of high strength and high performance materials, has the very high recycling value, leftover material has value, do not need to mold construction. At present the compelling on the international new residential products have been introduced into our country, the environmental protection and energy saving features mainly embodied in two aspects:

　　（1）该类型住宅采用全封闭式保温隔热防潮系统，温度变化小，热损失低。不论冬夏，都具有舒适当居住环境。室外0摄氏度时，室内仍可以保持17摄氏度以上；在室外温度达到30摄氏度的情况下，室内温度仅为21摄氏度左右。

(1) the type of residential use totally-enclosed thermal insulation moistureproof system, small temperature change, heat loss is low. Regardless of winter and summer, with a comfortable when living environment. 0 degrees Celsius when outdoor, indoor can remain 17 degrees Celsius above; Reach 30 degrees Celsius in outdoor temperature conditions, the indoor temperature is only 21 degrees Celsius.

　　（2）与砖混结构住宅相比，可节能60％以上，冬夏季空调设备可节约耗电30％以上，结构的废旧利用为100％，与砖混结构比较，同样楼层净高条件下，钢结构维护墙体面积小，节约空调所需能源，减小维护费用。

(2) compared with the brick house, save energy more than 60%, winter summer air-conditioning equipment can save electricity above 30%, the structure of the waste utilization was 100%, compared with brick, floor headroom same condition, the steel structure maintenance wall body area is small, save energy required for air conditioning, reduce maintenance costs.

三、钢结构建筑设计与技术表现

3, steel structure building design and technical performance

　　钢结构建筑设计的构思成功关键所在是技术构思与表现，在方案设计的深化中，需要同结构工程师，设备工程师，甚至包括机械工程师密切配合。此时技术表现是自然而然的事情，无论是空间形式，形式体量还是构造节点对其建筑设计与表现影响都是很重要的，下面就分别从几个方面来阐述这一点。

Steel structure building design conception, success is key technology design and performance in the design deepen, with a structural engineer, equipment engineer, including mechanical engineers work closely with. The technical performance is a natural thing, whether it is space form, the form of body or to affect the architectural design and representation of the structure node are very important, here are respectively from several aspects to illustrate this point.

　　（1）钢结构建筑设计的技术表现

(1) the technical performance of steel structure building design

　　建筑形象的构思是一个概念形象的创作过程，是建筑创作的难点之一，也是建筑设计中备受关注的核心问题之一。回顾工业革命以来建筑与科学技术关系的发展，可以明显地发现建筑对技术变革反应的迟滞性，这从一个侧面反映了建筑学在社会文化当中的深层地位，以及建筑学与人的生活方式的密切联系。另外现代方兴未艾的信息革命正在广泛地渗透并涉及社会活动的每个领域，使现代科学思维被融入到建筑设计中，新项目的规划、建筑和景观设计方法发生了巨大的变化。建筑设计的宗旨也从单纯的追求美发展到追求问题的合理解决，从根本上改变了人们以往对建筑的认识和设计方式，并最终影响了人类千百年来形成的传统建筑观，比如高技派建筑就是其主要代表，其以精致的节点和精细的加工来体现高超的技艺，以更高的工艺水平来设计和“制造”建筑。

Architectural image idea is a concept image creation process, is one of the difficult point of architectural creation, also is in the building design is one of the core issues of concern. Since industrial revolution, the construction and the development of science and technology relations, can be clearly found that building to respond to technological change lag, this from one side reflect the deep position of architecture in social culture, and the close ties between architecture and people's way of life. Also in modern information revolution is widely infiltration and involve each field of social activities, make modern science thinking is embodied in the design of the building, the new project planning, architectural and landscape design method of great changes have taken place. Architectural design principle also from the pursuit of pure beauty to pursue reasonable solutions to problems, fundamentally changed the way people past understanding of architecture and design, and ultimately affect humans in one thousand to form the view of traditional architecture, such as high side is its main representative architecture, its delicate node and fine processing to reflect skills, to design a higher technological level and "manufacturing" construction.

　　（2）钢结构建筑细部设计有较高要求

(2) steel structure detail design have higher requirements

　　钢结构建筑设计的复杂化与精致度要求越高，对细部设计的要求也越高。因为细部设计决定一个地方最终是否得到确认及其质量。在现代钢结构建筑中，各种金属结构杆件，连接金属杆件的节点细部，常常暴露在外，使建筑带有强烈的科技感，比如建于1977年法国的巴黎蓬皮杜艺术与文化中心，它的钢柱、钢梁、桁架等结构构件都裸露在外，从中不仅体现出技术美，而且体现出人的智慧和能力。因而，对钢结构建筑来说细部质量保持较高的设计要求是非常重要的，在钢结构建筑中应受到特别重视。

Steel structure design of complicated and delicate degree requirements is higher, and the higher requirements for detail design. For detail design to determine whether a place finally confirmed and its quality. In modern steel structure building, various kinds of metal bar structure, connected to the metal bar node detail, often exposed, make the building with a strong sense of science and technology, such as built in 1977, Paris, France pompidou art and cultural center, its steel column, steel beam, truss structures are exposed, which not only reflects the technical beauty, but also reflects people's wisdom and ability. Therefore, for steel structure detail quality maintaining high design requirement is very important, deserve special attention in the steel structure building.

　　（3）建筑策划也是钢结构建筑设计与表现的影响因素

(3) the construction planning and the influence factors of steel structure design and performance

　　因为钢结构建筑设计具有建筑设计的一般属性，建筑师不是随心所欲在作设计，业主设计任务书对建筑师的平面和设计构思等发生的作用是重大的。客户希望设计师有更好的业绩，而且希望在其最终产品的确定过程中，设计师和市场专家都能更高效的参与决策。在这个阶段，建设项目更强调整体设计、更强调

Because steel structure building design has the general nature of architectural design, the architect is not follow one's inclinations in the design, the design plan descriptions of the owner's plane and design idea of the architect and the effect is significant. Customers want designer has a better performance, but also hope that in the process of the determination of the final product, designers and marketing experts participate in decision making can be more efficient. At this stage, more emphasis on the overall design of construction projects, more emphasis on

　　专业设计师、市场专家及开发商之间的协调，设计过程包括了持续的信息和知识的交流与整合。另外，钢结构建筑的专业化不但能提供丰富的设计知识而且能有效的整合设计资源和市场专家共同对建筑负责，使设计和业主的经营意图有效的结合起来，使项目获利和减少风险。

Professional designers, market experts and developers of coordination between design process including continuous exchanges and integration of information and knowledge. In addition, the steel structure of specialization not only can provide rich design knowledge and effective integration of design resources and market experts jointly responsible for the construction, make the design and the owner of the business intent effective combination, make the project profits and reduce risk.

四、现代钢结构中建筑设计所面临的问题

Four, in the modern steel structure building design are faced with the problem

　　（一）钢结构中建筑设计的防火问题

(a) architectural design fire protection problems in steel structure

　　火灾是对钢结构建筑的最大危害，钢材虽为非燃烧材料，但钢不耐火，温度为400度时，钢材的屈服强度将降至室温下强度的一半，温度达到600度时，钢材基本损失全部强度和刚度，因此当建筑采用无防火保护措施的钢结构时，一旦发生火灾，很容易使建筑损坏，比如美国世贸中心大楼外墙是排列很密的钢柱，外面包以银色铝板，在美国911事件中两个塔楼分别受飞机撞击后所产生的大火使钢材软化，最终导致大楼倒塌。从发生的钢结构建筑火灾案例可以发现两类现象，一类为防火保护的钢结构在火灾中没有达到规定的耐火时间而破坏，另一类防火保护的钢结构在火灾中超过了预期的耐火时间而并没有破坏。建筑的构造防火问题一般在钢筋混凝土结构上较易解决，而在钢结构建筑上则需考虑更多的因素，以下为两种常用防火措施：.一是采用进口的新型防火板——保全板；二是根据钢结构的部位不同分别采用厚型或薄型的防火涂料，并在露明部位加涂装饰漆。

Fire is dangerous to the steel structure building, steel is not burning materials, refractory, but steel don't temperature is 400 degrees, the yield strength of steel will drop to half the strength at room temperature, the temperature of 600 degrees, all steel basic loss of strength and stiffness, so when building when without the fire protection measures of steel structure is adopted, in the event of a fire, it is easy to make structural damage, such as the world trade center building external wall is arranged very thick steel columns, are coated with silver aluminum plate, in the United States 911 events in the two towers are respectively after the crash of the fire to soften steel and eventually lead to building collapse. Steel structure building fires from case can find two kinds of phenomena, there is fire protection of steel structure in the fire did not meet the refractory time and damage, the other kind of fire protection of steel structure in the fire more than the expected refractory time without damage. Building structure fire protection problems in general on the reinforced concrete structure is easy to solve, while on the steel structure should be considered more factors, the following are two common fire prevention measures:. One is a new kind of fire prevention board, USES the import protection board; Second is according to the steel structure of the different parts with thick or thin fire-retardant coating, and add coating decorative paint in the open parts.

　　（二）钢结构中建筑设计的防腐问题

(2) steel structure building design in the corrosion problem

　　钢材如果长时间暴露在室外受到风雨等自然力的侵蚀，必然会生锈老化，其自身承载力会下降，建筑的美观也会受影响。因此防腐问题也是钢结构建筑设计需要解决常见问题，目前的做法主要是采用新型防腐和构造材料。在实际建筑设计中设计人员在遇到钢结构建筑中对所设计的建筑都做出特别的要求，比如涂刷防锈涂料，防火涂料属于油漆类。防火涂料一般做法为先刷红丹防锈底漆两度，再刷钢结构面漆两度（面漆颜色由甲方定）。另外对钢结构建筑的钢结构构件施工也有确定的要求，比如构件出厂前涂红丹防锈底漆一道；钢结构安装调整后，将其清洗干净，然后再刷一度底漆，两度面漆。然而现在虽然有各种不同类型的防腐涂料但较为有效的防腐涂料还需外国进口，我想随着中国综合国力的增强，中国将会生产出更优秀的新型防腐涂料。

Steel if long time exposure to the outside by the forces of nature of wind and rain erosion, is bound to be rusting, aging will lose its bearing capacity, the building's appearance will be affected. Therefore antisepsis problem is also a steel structure building design needs to solve common problems, the current approach is mainly adopted new anticorrosion and structural materials. In actual construction design designers encountered in steel structure building in making special requests to the buildings are designed, such as coating antirust paint, fire coatings as part of the paint. General practice first brush fire retardant coating red lead anti-rust primer twice, then brush steel finish (paint color shall be prescribed by party a) twice. In addition to steel structure steel structure component construction also has certain requirements, such as red lead anti-rust primer coating a component before shipment; Steel structure installation, clean the clean, and then brush once primer, paint twice. But now although there are different kinds of anticorrosive coatings but effective anticorrosive coatings are also need to foreign imports, I want to as China's comprehensive national strength enhanced, China will produce more excellent new anticorrosion coatings.

　　（三）钢结构中建筑物理问题

(3) the steel structure of building physics problems

　　（1）保温。外部环境对建筑的热辐射主要从两个方面影响建筑的热环境：一是透过窗户进入室内，并被室内表面所吸收，产生了加热的效果；二是被建筑的外围护结构表面吸收，其中一部分热量通过建筑围护结构的热传导逐渐进入室内。由于玻璃可以让阳光直接射入室内从而迅速升高室温，特别是随着新型玻璃材料的不断出现，玻璃的热工性能逐步改进，建筑采光与建筑保温之间的矛盾已日趋淡化，“遮蔽”与“阻隔”走向平衡。所以对建筑的保温措施主要集中在外围护结构上，而目前对此解决办法有两种较为有效：

(1) the insulation. The external environment impact on the building's thermal radiation is mainly from two aspects of building thermal environment: one is through the window into the interior, and is absorbed by the indoor surface, the heating effect; 2 it is the building envelope surfaces absorb, one part of heat through building palisade structure heat transfer gradually into the interior. Because glass allows the sunlight directly into the interior to rise rapidly at room temperature, especially with the appearance of new glass materials, glass thermal performance gradually improved, building lighting and the contradiction between building insulation has been increasingly desalt, "shelter" and "block" to balance. So for building palisade structure heat preservation measures are mainly concentrated in the outside, but at present there are two kind of more effective in this solution:

　　1）研制、优化保温材料的构造，提高建筑热环境性能。例如在建筑物得内外表面或者外层结构的空气层中，采用高效反射材料，可以将大部分的红外射线反射回去，从而建筑物起到保温和隔热作用；此外还可运用高效节能玻璃，硅气凝胶，新型节能墙体材料，达到节能的目的。

1) the development, the optimization of thermal insulation material structure, improve building thermal environment performance. For example in the building internal and external surface or in the outer structure of the air layer, adopt efficient reflective materials, can be to reflect the most of infrared rays, thus building heat preservation and heat insulation effect; In addition can also use high efficiency and energy saving glass, silica aerogel, new energy saving wall material, achieve the goal of energy saving.

　　2）防止保温材料凝结水外保温和中间保温作法。可防止保温材料由于蒸汽的渗透积累而受潮。内保温作法则保温材料有可能在冬季受潮，外保温可避免主要承重结构受到室外温度的剧烈波动影响，从而提高其耐久性。外保温作法对外表面的保护层要求较高内保温和中间层保温则由于外表面是由强度大的密实材料构成，饰面层的处理比较简单。

2) to prevent the thermal insulation material the condensate external thermal insulation and heat preservation practices in the middle. Can prevent the accumulation of heat preservation material due to the penetration of steam but be affected with damp be affected with damp. Heat preservation practices in the thermal insulation material is likely to be affected with damp be affected with damp during the winter, external thermal insulation can avoid the main bearing structure is affected by the sharp fluctuations in temperature outside, and thus improve its durability. Protective layer on the surface of the external thermal insulation practices of foreign demand higher insourcing gentle middle layer insulation, because the surface is by the strength of the compacted material composition, surface processing is simpler.

　　（2）吸音。在一些建筑大厅中，尤其是在音乐厅中顶棚反射板增加的反射声几乎同时到达听众的双耳，缺少侧向反射带来的围绕感。在这类建筑的设计中，需要综合考虑材料的使用，包括吸声性能以及装饰性、强度、防火、吸湿、加工等多方面。目前广泛地应用于音质设计和噪声控制中的解决途径是吸声材料和吸声结构。

(2) the sound-absorbing. In some construction hall, particularly in the hall ceiling reflection plate increases the reflections of almost reached the ears of the audience at the same time, the lack of lateral reflection around feeling. In the design of the buildings, the need to consider the use of material, including the sound absorption performance and decorative, strength, fire prevention, moisture absorption, processing and other aspects. Currently widely used in the design of sound quality and noise control of solution is sound absorption materials and sound absorption structure.

　　1）吸声材料：材料本身具有吸声特性。如玻璃棉、岩棉等纤维或多孔材料具有良好的吸声性能，由于空气的粘滞阻力、空气分子与孔隙壁的摩擦，使声能转化为摩擦热能而吸声。

1) absorption material: material itself has the sound absorption properties. Such as glass wool, rock wool fiber or porous materials with good sound absorption performance, because of the air viscous resistance and air molecules and pore wall friction, make the friction sound energy into heat and sound absorption.

　　2）吸声结构：材料本身可以不具有吸声特性，但材料制成某种结构而产生吸声。如穿孔石膏板吊顶。

2) sound absorption structure: materials itself can not be with sound absorption properties, but material into some sort of structure and produce sound absorption. Such as perforated plasterboard condole top.

（3）隔音。噪声于建筑密不可分，噪声污染的防治与治理已经成为建筑声学重要的组成部分。噪声规划、噪声控制等理论也逐渐演化开来。人们可以听到的声音都属于声环境范畴。人们可以听到谈话、鸟鸣、音乐、泉水叮咚、歌声等；但也能听到吵闹、机器轰鸣、车辆的轰鸣等噪声。但主要是有安静要求的房间，如录音室、演播室、旅馆客房、居民住宅卧室等建筑对隔声隔振要求非常高，需要专门的声学设计。对于旅馆、公用建筑、民用住宅人们对安静的要求也越来越重视。并尽量靠近声源，会提高隔声效果。一般隔声间外墙使用隔声性能较好的材料或结构，如砖、混凝土、纸面石膏板墙等，观察部分使用隔声窗，进出部分使用隔声门或吸声迷道等。

(3) the insulation. Noise in the building, noise pollution prevention and control has become an important part of architectural acoustics. Planning, noise control theory also gradually evolved. People can hear the sounds of all belong to the category of acoustic environment. People can hear the conversation, singing, music, springs ding-dong, singing, etc.; But also can hear the noise, such as the roar of the machines roar, vehicle noise. But mainly there is a requirement for quiet rooms, such as recording studio, studio, hotel rooms, such as residential bedroom construction of acoustic vibration isolation requirements is very high, need special acoustic design. For hotels, public buildings, civil residence requirement for quiet people also more and more attention. And as far as possible close to the source, can improve the effect of sound insulation. General sound insulation between the outer wall use sound insulation performance better material or structure, such as brick, concrete, gypsum board wall, sound insulation window using the watch part, in and out of the part using soundproof door or fan of sound absorption and so on.

五 结论

Five conclusions

　　由本文以上讨论可以得出下面三点看法和结论：

This paper discussed above can be concluded that the following three views and conclusions:

　　（1）钢结构建筑设计应根据不同具体条件的不同而有所侧重，一个好的建筑设计，必须做到形象构思与结构构思的一体化。

(1) steel structure design should be according to the specific conditions of different stresses, the architectural design of a good, must do image design and structure design of integration.

　　（2）钢结构建筑的科技含量很高，结构本身往往就是建筑表现，钢结构的表现与工艺不仅是实现形象构思的必要手段，而且对建筑形象的影响极为显著，这就决定了结构构思是形象构思成功与否的关键所在。

(2) steel structure building technology content high, the structure itself is often building performance, the performance of the steel structure and process not only is the necessary means to realize image design, and influence on architectural image is very significant, which determines the structure design is the key to the success of image design.

　　（3）科学技术的进步，审美观的改变必然使得钢结构建筑不断地去扩展自身的表达语汇而寻求发展。我们所提倡的是：抛开风格要素，从结构理性主义出发，从现代的和传统的众多风格流派中吸取精华，创造出技术和艺术有机融合的钢结构精品建筑。

(3) the progress of science and technology, the aesthetic change inevitably makes steel structure building to extend its express vocabulary and seek development. What we advocate is: regardless of style elements, starting from the structure of rationalism, from the modern and the traditional aspects of many genres, to create the organic fusion of technology and art high-quality goods building steel structure.